Similarity is some degree of symmetry Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection. The second meaning is a precise and well-defined concept of balance or "patterned self-similarity" that can be demonstrated or proved according in either analogy Analogy is both the cognitive process of transferring information from a particular subject to another particular subject (the target), and a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, and resemblance between two or more concepts There are two prevailing theories in contemporary philosophy which attempt to explain the nature of concepts . The representational theory of mind proposes that concepts are mental representations, while the semantic theory of concepts (originating with Frege's distinction between concept and object) holds that they are abstract objects. Ideas are or objects In physics, a physical body or physical object is a collection of masses, taken to be one. For example, a cricket ball can be considered an object but the ball also consists of many particles (pieces of matter). The notion of similarity rests either on exact or approximate repetitions of patterns A pattern, from the French patron, is a type of theme of recurring events of or objects, sometimes referred to as elements of a set. These elements repeat in a predictable manner. It can be a template or model which can be used to generate things or parts of a thing, especially if the things that are created have enough in common for the in the compared items. In the case of approximate repetitions we talk about statistical similarity as found in a fractal A fractal is generally "a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be split into parts, each of which is a reduced-size copy of the whole," a property called self-similarity. Roots of mathematical interest on fractals can be traced back to the late 19th Century, the term however was coined by Benoît Mandelbrot in 1975 and was and its parts. Finding similarities or distinguishing between dissimilarities depends on the faculties of pattern recognition Pattern recognition is "the act of taking in raw data and taking an action based on the category of the data".[citation needed] Most research in pattern recognition is about methods for supervised learning and unsupervised learning and disambiguation In computational linguistics, word sense disambiguation is the process of identifying which sense of a word is used in any given sentence, when the word has a number of distinct senses, respectively.
A general method to calculate probability Probability, or chance, is a way of expressing knowledge or belief that an event will occur or has occurred. In mathematics the concept has been given an exact meaning in probability theory, that is used extensively in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science, and philosophy to draw conclusions about the of an event based on another similar event is called relative probability Probability, or chance, is a way of expressing knowledge or belief that an event will occur or has occurred. In mathematics the concept has been given an exact meaning in probability theory, that is used extensively in such areas of study as mathematics, statistics, finance, gambling, science, and philosophy to draw conclusions about the If A, B are different events Probability of A = P(A) Then P(B) = P(A) x R where R is the similarity ratio between A,B If A=B --> R=1 If A<>B --> R=0
Specific definitions
Different fields provide differing definitions of similarity:
- In mathematics Mathematics is the study of quantity, structure, space, and change. Mathematicians seek out patterns.They formulate new conjectures and establish truth by rigorous deduction from appropriately chosen axioms and definitions,
- In psychology Psychology is an academic and applied discipline involving the systematic, and often scientific, study of human/animal mental functions and behavior. Occasionally, in addition or opposition to employing the scientific method, it also relies on symbolic interpretation and critical analysis, although it often does so less prominently than other, similarity (psychology) Similarity refers to the psychological nearness or proximity of two mental representations. Research in cognitive psychology has taken a number of approaches to the concept of similarity. Each of them is related to a particular set of assumptions about knowledge representation
- In music Music is an art form whose medium is sound organized in time. Common elements of music are pitch , rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike), "(art) of the Muses", Musical similarity
- In chemistry Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme , meaning "earth") is the science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions. It is a physical science for studies of various atoms, molecules, crystals and other aggregates of matter whether in isolation or combination,, Chemical similarity
- In engineering Engineering is the discipline, art and profession of acquiring and applying technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and processes that safely realize a desired objective or inventions. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development has defined, similarity or similitude Similitude is a concept used in the testing of engineering models. A model is said to have similitude with the real application if the two share geometric similarity, kinematic similarity and dynamic similarity. Similarity and similitude are interchangeable in this context describe the geometric, kinematic and dynamic 'likeness' of two (or more) systems.
- In computational linguistics Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics. Traditionally, computational linguistics was usually performed by computer scientists who had specialized in the, semantic similarity
- In philosophy Most academic subjects have a philosophy, for example the philosophy of science, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of logic, the philosophy of law, and the philosophy of history. In addition, a range of academic subjects have emerged to deal with areas which would have historically been the subject of philosophy. These include, similarity is defined as sharing properties Property is any physical or virtual entity that is owned by an individual or jointly by a group of individuals. An owner of property has the right to consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer and exchange his or her property. Important widely-recognized types of property include real property , personal property (physical possessions belonging to an or characteristic Characteristic (from the Greek word "χαρακτηριστικό" for a property or attribute of an entity[citation needed]) has several particular meanings: traits. The sky is similar to the sea, for example, because the sky and the sea both share the property of being blue. This definition has some interesting consequences. First, it follows that resemblance is reflexive, since everything shares its own properties. Second, it follows that resemblance is symmetric, since if x shares properties with y then y shares those same properties with x. Third, qualitative identity turns out to be a limiting case of resemblance, since qualitative identity is defined as sharing all rather than some properties.
See also
- Difference Difference is the contrary of equality, in particular of objects. Differences can only be stated on the basis of a comparison or categorization. Since a complete comparison of objects or things is seldom possible in practice, only relevant or defining attributes are used for stating equality or difference
- Equality Equality is the paradigmatic example of the more general concept of equivalence relations on a set: those binary relations which are reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. The relation of equality is also antisymmetric. These four properties uniquely determine the equality relation on any set S and render equality the only relation on S that is
- Sameness
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2009-04-27 20:37:28
The red one looked familiar, her uniform is very . similar. in colour scheme to that of Mirai Suenaga (got the pic from his psd files). Mirai's design of the uniform is more . similar. to the blue version of Kanu, however the colour scheme is ...
Q. I need full explanation on both and examples on each.
Asked by onoscity - Wed Oct 25 05:41:09 2006 - - 10 Answers - 0 Comments
A. there are 3 main differences spelling, pronunciation, and usage. Canadian is somewhere in between but closer to British. Some common examples are in Britain whiskey is scotch, Canada it is rye, and US it is bourbon. In Brit and Can chips are deep fried potatoes, in US potatoe chips like Lays. Words are spelt differently colour vs color, gray vs grey, tyre (brit) vs tire etc. The our and or in words is one of the most common. In brit and can we say zed, in us they say zee. Dialects are too different to detail. But have you ever noticed that the Major TV new stations all sound like they went to school in Canada? Just remember the onus is on you to know the difference as Canadians are usually taught differences in school, whereas Canada is… [cont.]
Answered by janina storm - Fri Oct 27 02:26:29 2006
